Fluorescent articles having multiple film layers

ABSTRACT

Articles are provided which have fluorescent properties and which are suitable for use in making retroreflective articles such as safety and informational signage. The articles have at least two film layers, each film layer including a colorant dye. The multiple film layer sheeting exhibits excellent resistance to weathering and overall color durability while also providing chromaticity properties dictated by industry standards for a particular coloration. A method of preparing the articles is provided. In a particular application, the articles embody retroreflective properties and are informational for safety signage articles such as pedestrian crossing and school safety fluorescent yellow green signs.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention generally relates to polymers having fluorescentcolorants. More particularly, the invention relates to articles havingfluorescent properties and being composed of multiple layers whichtogether provide important properties. Such properties provide desiredbrightness and chromaticity which shows excellent resistance toweathering and/or overall color durability.

2. Description of Related Art

Articles incorporating fluorescent dyes into polymeric matrices areextensively known in the art for various applications including signage,vehicle markings roadway markings, and other applications where highvisibility is desired and beneficial for any number of reasons,including safety, information dissemination, visibility, visualsignaling, and quick detection. In some applications, it is important tomeet and maintain certain color standards and/or certain durabilitystandards.

Often these polymer systems containing fluorescent colorants arestructured in the form of a sheeting which exhibits fluorescingproperties. Particularly suitable applications for these types of filmsloaded with fluorescent colorants are in connection with uses wheresignaling is a primary function of the article. Typically, these takethe form of signage which can benefit by exhibiting fluorescing action.Traffic safety and informational signs have been known to incorporatefilms having fluorescent colorants which enhance visibility of thesigns. These include traffic signs for various modes of transportation,highway safety visual signaling articles, reflectors, roadway markers,highway markers, street signage, and other types of articles which canbenefit from enhanced visibility. Certain types of signage need to havelong-term durability, which is a big hurdle because most fluorescentcolorants have poor ultraviolet light stability. Some of these articlesincorporate retroreflective features.

Over the years, the art has developed within the field ofretroreflective articles. Generally speaking, there are three main typesof retrorefelctive sheetings in the traffic industry, i.e. enclosed lenssheeting, encapsulated lens sheeting, and prismatic sheeting. PalmquistU.S. Pat. No. 2,407,680 illustrates so-called enclosed lensretroreflective sheeting articles. Assemblies of this type are alsoknown as engineering grade, utility grade or super engineering gradeproducts, and they have a typical coefficient of retroreflection at a−4° entrance angle and at a 0.2° observation angle between 50 to 160cd/lx/m² for white sheeting, depending upon the specific product.

McKenzie U.S. Pat. No. 3,190,178 generally illustrates so-calledencapsulated lens retroreflective articles. This includes sheeting ofbeads encapsulated into polymer, at times referred to as high intensityproducts. For white sheeting, these have a typical coefficient ofretroreflection of about 300 cd/lx/m².

A third general category of retroreflective sheeting incorporatesmicroprismatic optical elements which provide exceptional reflectivity,typically between about 400 and about 1600 cd/lx/m² depending upon thespecific product construction and geometry of the cube corner elements.Cube corner retroreflective sheetings are described in Rowland U.S. Pat.No. 3,684,348, Hoopman U.S. Pat. No. 4,588,258, Burns U.S. Pat. No.5,605,761, and White U.S. Pat. No. 6,110,566. Publications such asRowland U.S. Pat. No. 3,810,804, and Pricone U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,601,861and 4,486,363 illustrate the manufacture of articles of this type. Itwill be noted that the art includes retroreflective sheeting by whichthermoplastics are embossed into prismatic sheeting. The presentinvention finds application in products having these principal types ofretroreflective construction.

Other art teaches the use of an ultraviolet (UV) light screening layerover or in front of a fluorescent layer. This art includes JapanesePatent Publication No. 2-16042 (Application No. 63-165914) of Koshiji,Phillips PCT Publication No. WO99/48961 and No. WO00/47407, and PavelkaU.S. Pat. No. 5,387,458. The Japanese Publication indicates that UVadditives are useful to protect fluorescent sheeting. The PCTpublications relate to fluorescent polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film with aUV light screening layer having UV additives which screen 425 nanometers(nm) and lower. This U.S. Pat. No. 5,387,458 incorporates a UV screeninglayer for a film of selected polymers containing selected fluorescentdyes.

The art recognizes other methods of enhancing the durability offluorescent colors by using stabilizers of the hindered amine lightstabilizer type (HALS type). Art in this area includes Burns U.S. Pat.No. 5,605,761 and White U.S. Pat. No. 6,110,566. The former proposes thecombination of particular fluorescent dyes and HALS in a polycarbonatematrix. The latter proposes low molecular weight HALS and a thioxanthenedye within a solventless PVC resin.

All of these patents, other art and patent publications, and any othersidentified herein, are incorporated by reference hereinto.

To a certain extent, art of this type recognizes that makingretroreflective signs fluorescent provides enhanced visibility undermost lighting conditions. The characteristic bright color and/or thefluorescing characteristics of fluorescent materials attract ones eye tothe fluorescent signage or other article. For example, outdoor signagearticles which are colored with fluorescent colorants enhance visualcontrast, making the materials more conspicuous than non-fluorescentcolors. When such signage is intended for outdoor uses, two majorhurdles are encountered. One is durability under outdoor conditions, andthe other is the availability of specific colors.

A common practice directed toward enhancing outdoor durability is usinga UV screening layer such as that taught by the art noted above in anattempt to protect the base fluorescent polymeric matrix layer.Traditionally, such a UV light screening layer is made by dissolving UVlight absorbing compounds into a transparent polymeric matrix. The artdiscloses fluorescent articles consisting of a UV light screening layerdeposited in front of a fluorescent color layer. The UV screening layeris intended to absorb a defined range of UV light. UV light has awavelength range of from 290 nm to 380 nm. Certain art also suggestsmoving somewhat into the visible range, such as up to about 400 nm or410 nm and below. Often, approaches such as these fail to considerand/or address potential interaction between the UV absorber in thescreening layer and the fluorescent dye within the underlying coloredlayer.

Most fluorescent colorants have poor UV light stability. In some cases,fading of fluorescent sheeting due to UV light exposure dramaticallyshortens the useful life of articles such as fluorescent traffic androadway signs. While UV screening is intended to address the outdoordurability problem, several difficulties can arise. One concern is thatthe UV light absorbing compounds of these screening layers can leach outwith time or can diffuse or migrate into the underlying fluorescentlayer. This diffusion can actually accelerate fading of the fluorescentcolorant in certain instances.

Art such as Burns U.S. Pat. No. 5,605,761 and White U.S. Pat. No.6,110,566 propose fluorescent sheeting articles of these patents whichdo not necessarily incorporate a separate UV screening layer. Typically,these teach particular combinations of polymers and fluorescent dyes,often together with HALS materials, in the same film. In particular, theformer patent discloses fluorescent articles comprising fluorescent dyeand HALS within a polycarbonate matrix. The latter patent purports toteach that the combination of a fluorescent thioxanthene dye and a HALSmaterial in a solventless PVC matrix enhances light stability of thefluorescent colors in the PVC system.

Acrylic polymers have advantages over polymers such as polycarbonate.Typical in this regard is polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Compared toother polymers such as polycarbonate, such acrylics are inexpensive,easier to process and are less susceptible to UV light degradation. Forexample, after a few years of outdoor exposure, polycarbonate candevelop a hazy and/or yellow appearance. Acrylics, however, canwithstand such outdoor weathering for a significantly longer time beforethe development of such defects.

Certain prior art teaches that acrylic polymers are not suitable forhosting a fluorescent dye. For example, Pavelka U.S. Pat. No. 5,387,458discloses fluorescent articles comprising fluorescent dyes dispersed invarious polymeric matrices. This teaches that fluorescent durability offluorescent dyes in PMMA is poor even with a UV screening overlayer.Burns U.S. Pat. No. 5,605,761 discloses fluorescent articles comprisingspecific fluorescent dyes and a HALS compound in both polycarbonate andPMMA. The patent teaches incorporation of the HALS compound into thepolycarbonate matrix significantly increases the fluorescent durabilityof the resulting articles, but does not have the same effect with PMMA.Art references such as these conclude that PMMA is not a suitablepolymer matrix for fluorescent dyes because such acrylic based articlesdo not exhibit good fluorescence durability when exposed to extendedoutdoor weathering.

At the present state of the art, although fluorescent acrylic articlesappear to hold some promise, issues concerning color stabilizationand/or fluorescent stabilization against ultraviolet radiation present aproblem of substantial proportions. Ideally, if a solution could befound without the need for placement of a separate UV light screeningand/or absorbent layer over the article, such a solution is potentiallyall the more important and valuable. Addressing these problems areespecially important for articles to be used under outdoor conditionswhich subject the article to lengthy exposure to sunlight.

Turning now to the problem of providing articles which comply withcoloration standards, requirements, or needs, coloration considerationspresent a formidable challenge to suppliers of fluorescent articles,especially those which also must be very durable. This is the casewhether addressing governmental coloration regulations, or industrystandards.

In this regard, it is suggested here that there are three basicapproaches for obtaining a desired fluorescent color in the typicalinstance when a given loading of available fluorescent dyes does notachieve the target fluorescent coloration. One approach is to adjust theloading quantity of the colorant. Often this solution is simply notadequate.

A second approach is to blend multiple fluorescent dyes together. Suchan approach raises serious compatibility issues, both between the dyesthemselves and between one or both of the dyes and the polymer matrixwithin which they would be loaded. Light durability also is an issue.Different dyes have different compatibility with different polymers dueto differences between or among chemical structures. Durability of agiven fluorescent colorant is different in different polymer matrices.One dye may have unfavorable interactions with another dye within apolymer matrix. Also, even the same dye can have different lightdurability in different polymer matrices.

The third possible approach is for the polymer matrix to contain a blendof a non-fluorescent dye with a fluorescent dye. The issues noted abovefor multiple fluorescent dyes in the same polymer matrix are raised forthis option as well. The issues could be even more difficult due to thetypical greater chemical difference between a fluorescent dye and anon-fluorescent dye. Additionally, there is a chance that thenon-fluorescent dye may interfere with the fluorescent properties of thefluorescent dye, which may dramatically reduce brightness of thesheeting. A non-fluorescent dye can quench the overall fluorescing ofthe fluorescent dye.

Accordingly, the current state of the art also is in need of a solutionto this coloration problem. Typically, the provider of such articlesdoes not have the ability to solve this coloration problem by dictatingcoloration. Usually coloration is dictated to the user, and dye coloravailability is limited by dye suppliers.

It will be appreciated that attempting to address the two basic problemsof light durability and coloration compliance within the same articleincreases the difficulties of these problems. Yet, a viable solution tothese problems is all that more valuable when the same articlesuccessfully addresses both types of problems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the present invention, articles are provided whichachieve fluorescent coloration which can be manipulated to realizetarget coloration needs while at the same time being light stable,particularly against ultraviolet radiation. The invention uses amulti-layer approach. At least two layers, such as films, are provided,one on top of the other. Each includes a dye or pigment. In manyapplications, multiple layers will each contain a fluorescent dye. Oneof the layers embodies a highly UV-light resistant and durable polymersuch as acrylic or polyarylate. Preferably this is a layer whichoverlies another layer; that is, this first layer lies between thesecond layer and the environment or source of UV radiation. When viewedfrom the environment, the coloration exhibited by the combined dyedlayers provides coloration parameters needed to meet a target colorationdictated by a given standard.

A general object of the present invention is to provide products orarticles which are UV light stable and achieve desired coloration, aswell as a method for preparing such products or articles.

An aspect of the present invention is that it provides improvedfluorescent coloration articles which achieve desired coloration valueswhile presenting durability attributes that are extremely well suitedfor exterior or outdoor usage, including under a variety of weatherconditions.

Another aspect of this invention is that it provides an improved productand method which incorporate the use of multiple film layers that aresuitable for use as fluorescent laminate of retroreflective sheeting forvarious uses.

Another aspect of the present invention is that it provides an improvedfluorescent colored retroreflective sheeting suitable for use inmanufacturing traffic safety and informational signage.

Another aspect of the present invention is that it can providelight-stable fluorescent yellow-green retroreflective sheeting forschool zone crossing signs, pedestrian cross-walk signs and the likewhich provide coloration desired for signage of this type.

Another aspect of this invention is that it provides an approach forutilizing weatherable polymers such as acrylic polymer matrices in afluorescent system which is both light stable and strong enough forextended-time use under harsh environmental conditions such as thoseencountered by signage in outdoor use.

Another aspect of this invention is that the articles provided arecomposed of multiple layers which alone are unsuitable, but together aresuitable to create a light-durable, properly colored article.

Another aspect of the present invention is the providing of a dual filmwhich exhibits fluorescent coloration for retroreflective sheeting thathas suitable durability and coloration when the dual sheets are combinedbut not when they are used separately.

Another aspect of the present invention is the providing of a dual filmwhich provides fluorescent yellow-green coloration for retroreflectivesheeting that has suitable durability and coloration when the dualsheets are combined but not when they are used separately.

Other aspects, objects and advantages of the present invention will beunderstood from the following description according to preferredembodiments of the present invention, relevant information concerningwhich is shown in the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the course of this description, reference will be made to theattached drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional illustration of fluorescent sheeting havingmultiple colored film layers showing an overlayer containing afluorescent dye and an underlayer having a colorant and microprismaticretroreflective elements formed thereinto;

FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional illustration of fluorescent sheeting havingmultiple colored film layers over clear microprismatic retroreflectiveelements;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional illustration of fluorescent sheeting havingmultiple film layers and including an external supplemental protectivelayer;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional illustration of an enclosed lensretroreflective sheeting material embodiment of the invention where thefluorescent sheeting having multiple film layers is disposed over anenclosed lens structure;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional illustration of an encapsulated lensretroreflective sheeting material embodiment of the invention where thefluorescent sheeting having multiple film layers is disposed over anencapsulated lens structure;

FIG. 5 is a plot of “x” and “y” color chromaticity values in terms ofthe CIE 1931 Standard Colorimetric System for film structures withrespect to an overlay of target fluorescent yellow-green values;

FIG. 6 is a plot of “x” and “y” color chromaticity values in terms ofthe CIE 1931 Standard Colorimetric System for retroreflective sheetingtypes with respect to an overlay of target fluorescent yellow-greenvalues;

FIG. 7 is a light transmission curve illustrating the light blockingeffect of a film component according to the invention;

FIG. 8 is a plot of degree of color shift versus time of accelerated orartificial weathering, illustrating different exposure effects for aparticular film and for that film having a fluorescent polymer matrixoverlay;

FIG. 9 is a plot of degree of color shift versus time of accelerated orartificial weathering, illustrating different exposure effects for aparticular film and for that film having a fluorescent polymer matrixoverlay, with the underlying film including a UV absorber;

FIG. 10 is a plot of degree of color shift versus time of accelerated orartificial aging, illustrating different exposure effects for aparticular film and for that film having a fluorescent polymer matrixoverlay, the underlayer including a UV absorber and a HALS component;

FIG. 11 is a plot of degree of color shift versus time of accelerated orartificial aging illustrating different exposure effects for aparticular film and for that film having a fluorescent polymer matrixoverlay, the underlayer including a HALS component;

FIG. 12 plots degree of color shift versus time of accelerated orartificial aging for a single-layer yellow-green fluorescent acrylicfilm, as well as for sheeting having this film as an overlayer onto apolymer matrix containing orange dye; and

FIG. 13 plots degree of color shift versus time of accelerated orartificial aging for a single-layer yellow-green fluorescent acrylicfilm, as well as for sheeting having this film as an overlayer onto apolymer matrix containing an orange dye different from that of FIG. 12.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present invention is directed toward fluorescent sheeting havingmultiple film layers which provide superior light stability and targetfluorescent coloration parameters. Various embodiments of the inventionare illustrated in the drawings. In each instance, an overlayer polymerhaving a fluorescent dye is combined with an underlayer of a polymermatrix having coloration attributes which combine with the overlayer toprovide the target coloration and superior light stability.

FIG. 1 illustrates multiple layered film sheeting, generally designatedas 21. This sheeting material is embodied in retroreflective form. Anoverlayer 22 and an underlayer 23 are shown. Each layer includes a dye,preferably a fluorescent dye. In this embodiment, the dyed underlayer 23itself has retroreflective elements.

In other embodiments retroreflective elements such as those shown inthis embodiment can be undyed or clear. For example, in FIG. 1A, aretroreflective layer 23 a is provided which is made of a clear polymerwhich is suitable for embossing or forming corner cubes. With thisarrangement, the multiple layers of dyed polymer are a separateoverlayer 22 a and underlayer 22 b, neither of which has any reflectiveelements.

Underlayer 23 or layer 23 a has a multiplicity of microprismaticretroreflective elements disposed on the rear surface of this layer.These retroreflective elements are known in the art and are described insuch references as Hoopman U.S. Pat. No. 4,588,258 and Appledorn U.S.Pat. No. 4,775,219. This prismatic construction can be manufactured inaccordance with Rowland U.S. Pat. No. 3,810,804 and Pricone U.S. Pat.Nos. 4,486,363 and 4,601,861, for example. Any suitable process andequipment can be used to form the microprismatic retroreflectiveelements 24 on the underlayer 23 or layer 23 a, or otherwise providethem on this layer.

The retroreflective feature provided by the microprismatic elements 24is illustrated by the arrowed light pattern shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 1A.For simplicity of illustration, only two dimensions of thisthree-dimensional reflection are illustrated. This simplified lightpattern shows an incident beam reflected twice by the article to providethe parallel reflected beam.

FIG. 2 shows a similar retroreflective multiple layer film. Thisembodiment adds a cap or cover layer 25. This is added when there is aneed for enhanced scratch resistance, graffiti protection and/or addedUV screening properties. In general, this cover layer 25 is conventionalin formulation and manner of application. Such a cap or cover layer maybe selected to have properties desirable for the front surface of a signor the like, such as dew resistance and/or ease of printing.

Typically, the layers are laminated together such as by heat and/orpressure application by conventional equipment. Depending upon theparticular needs or desires of the multiple layered film sheetingaccording to the invention, optional tie layers could be presentedbetween layers. A laminating adhesive could be included to the extentdeemed necessary for a particular construction or end use needs.Whenever included, any such tie layer or layers should be selected so asto not significantly detract from the properties to which the multiplelayered fluorescent article according to the invention is directed.

A surface of one or more of the layers can be pre-printed with desiredindicia so that a finished laminar or multiple-layered structure has thedesired indicia on an inner surface, such as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.5,213,872 and 5,310,436. Other variations along these lines will beapparent to those skilled in the art of retroreflective sheeting orother alternative structural arrangement of interest for articlesaccording to the invention.

One such other structural arrangement is illustrated in FIG. 3. Thisillustrates how the present invention can be incorporated into anenclosed lens retroreflective sheeting article. Enclosed lensretroreflective sheeting is well known in the art, an early teaching inthis regard being Palmquist U.S. Pat. No. 2,407,680. This technology canincorporate lenses such as glass microspheres embedded in a sheetingstructure with a flat, transparent cover film. In the embodiment of FIG.3, glass microspheres 26 are embedded in underlayer 23. A specularlyreflective layer 27 is provided in accordance with known art; forexample, this may be vacuum deposited aluminum. The retroreflectivenature of this enclosed lens structure is illustrated by the simplifiedtwo-dimensional arrowed light beam path which is shown to pass throughthe overlayer 22, the underlayer 23, into and through the microspheres,into and through the medium 28, and back.

It is also possible to have this overlayer 22 and underlayer 23laminated together and have an adhesive layer (not shown) which istransparent to join the beads 26 and the underlayer. In this instance,the beads are embedded in the adhesive much as the underlayer 23 embedsthe tops of the beads in FIG. 3.

FIG. 4 illustrates how the present invention can be incorporated into anencapsulated lens retroreflective article. The encapsulated lenssheeting retroreflective features and structure are well known in theart. A mono layer of lenses such as glass microspheres is partiallyembedded in a binder layer, with the films sealed to the binder layersuch that the lenses are encapsulated within hermetically sealed cells.In the illustrated embodiment, glass microspheres 31 are embedded inbinder layer 32. The underlayer 23 is sealed to the binder layer tohermetically seal the lenses. The illustrated lenses 31 have their ownreflective surfaces 33 to provide reflection according to the patternindicated by the arrowed light path which is illustrated in FIG. 4.

A fluorescent article according to the invention incorporates multiplepolymer matrices. A fluorescent dye is included in one or both of theoverlayer and underlayer. Preferably, a fluorescent dye is included in apolymer matrix of overlayer 22 and within the polymer matrix ofunderlayer 23. In a typical article, the dye in each separate layer isdifferent. This facilitates an important feature of the presentinvention to provide a multiple layer film which exhibits thefluorescent color needed for a particular application without having tophysically place the dyes in the same matrix.

Matrix polymers can be varied. Examples include polycarbonates,polyesters, polystyrenes, styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers,polyurethanes, polyvinyl chloride, polymers formed from acrylic resins,polyarylates, copolyestercarbonates, and copolymers and combinationsthereof. The overlayer and underlayer can be of different polymers.

The overlayer is a weatherable polymer including acrylic polymers,polyarylates, copolyestercarbonates, and copolymers and combinationsthereof. In a preferred aspect of the invention, the overlayer polymeris formed from an acrylic resin. The underlayer need not be particularlyweatherable and can be of a type in need of protection from weatheringin harsher conditions. A preferred underlayer polymer is polycarbonate.In addition to providing the matrix structure for the overlayer, acrylicresins can be suitable for use in the underlayer.

Polymers including polyarylates and other matrix types and includedcomponents are discussed in greater detail in our pending U.S. patentapplications Ser. Nos. 09/710,510 and 09/710,560, each filed Nov. 9,2000. These disclosures are incorporated hereinto by reference.

Other, generally known components can be included in either or both theoverlayer and underlayer. These are UV absorbers and HALS components.One or more of either or both can be included in any given polymermatrix.

The polymer matrix makes up a substantial percent by weight of thelayers. The polymer component ranges between about 90 and about 99.99weight percent of the formulation making up each polymer matrix,preferably between about 95 and about 99 weight percent. Each dye ispresent at a level of between about 0.01 and about 1.5 weight percent ofthe total weight of each matrix formulation, preferably between about0.02 and about 1.0 weight percent. When present, a UV absorber isprovided at levels between about 0.1 and about 5 weight percent,preferably between about 0.3 and about 3 weight percent, based upon thetotal weight of the polymer matrix formulation. When a HALS component ispresent, it will be at between about 0.1 and about 2 weight percent,preferably between about 0.3 and about 1.5 weight percent, based uponthe total weight of the formulation making up each polymer matrix.

When an acrylic matrix is to be provided, it is generally preferred thatthe acrylic resin be formulated to minimize the amounts of performanceenhancers such as impact modifiers or internal lubricants and the like.It also is believed to be useful if the amount of acrylic monomerpresent be minimized. Without being bound by any particular theory, itis believed at the present time that such performance enhancers orresidual monomers can negatively impact a fluorescent colorant in anacrylic matrix, thereby potentially accelerating fluorescencedegradation upon exposure to light, primarily UV-light. It is presentlybelieved that this effect is heightened when combined with moisture,thermal cycling and ultraviolet radiation. Polymethyl methacrylate is apreferred acrylic resin. A particular acrylic resin which responds tothese objectives is sold under the trade designation “ZKV-001E” fromCyro Industries. Other possible resins exist, such as Plexiglas PSR-9,available from Atofina.

Preferably, coloration is provided in each of the overlayer andunderlayer by a fluorescent dye. Dyes in this regard includebenzoxanthenes, benzothiazines, perylene imides, thioxanthenes,thioindigoids, naphthalimides and coumarins. Combining films with dyeshaving different coloration properties has been found to be usefulaccording to the invention in order to create an article of afluorescent color which can be tailored to meet certain real orperceived industry needs.

Dyes of the benzoxanthene type have been found to be particularlysuitable for inclusion within the overlayer component according to thepresent invention. A particularly preferred fluorescent benzoxanthenedye is the yellow-green dye available under the trade name “LumofastYellow 3G” from DayGlo Color Corporation. Multiple versions of this dyemay exist. When included within a polymethyl methacrylate matrix of anoverlayer according to the invention, such a dye gives excellent daytimeluminance. It can be used in a range of about 0.2 to about 1.5 weightpercent, preferably in the range of about 0.3 and about 1.3 weightpercent, based upon the total weight of the matrix formulation. Theweight loading of the fluorescent dye will depend upon the thickness ofthe sheet and the desired color intensity for a particular end use. Forexample, retroreflective articles generally require that thisfluorescent dye should be of sufficient transparency such that theretroreflective function of the article is not significantly impaired.

Another class of dyes which finds particular application in the presentarticles are benzothiazine dyes. It has been found that very usefulyellow green fluorescent coloration and chromaticity is provided withinthe context of the multiple layered articles when using Huron YellowD-417 available from DayGlo Color Corporation. The combination of thisdye in the underlayer and a benzoxanthene yellow green dye in theoverlayer results in coloration and chromaticity values which fall wellwithin industry standards for yellow green sheeting.

Colors other than yellow green can be achieved with different colorationaccommodations. For example, the underlayer can include fluorescentorange and/or red colorations. A thioxanthene dye of use in this regardis Marigold Orange D-315, available from DayGlo Color Corporation.Others are Lumogen F Orange 240 and Lumogen F Red 300, each beingperylene imides available from BASF. Another is Lumogen F Yellow 170 ofBASF. Fluorescent blue and green dyes also can be utilized. Other dyesinclude perylene esters and thioindigoid dyes.

It is believed that the inclusion of the UV absorbers in the layers candelay or prevent degradation of the fluorescent dye component.Particularly, it is believed that suitable benzotriazoles,benzophenones, and oxalanilides are UV absorbers which may delay fadingof fluorescent dyes and enhance fluorescent durability.

Benzotriazole UV absorbers are valuable within fluorescent coloredpolycarbonate matrix systems, particularly in the underlayer of multiplelayered articles. UV absorbers showing good compatibility withbenzothiazine dyes are useful when such dyes are incorporated within apolymer matrix layer. Examples of available benzotriazole UV lightabsorbers include2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-bis(1-methyl-1-henylethyl)phenol, soldunder the trade name “Tinuvin 234” by Ciba-Geigy; and2-(4,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)-5(hexyl)oxyphenol sold commerciallyby Ciba-Geigy as “Tinuvin 1577”.

Examples of commercially available benzophenone UV light absorbersinclude 2-hydroxy-4-n-octoxybenzophenone commercially available fromGreat Lakes Chemical Corporation under the trade name “Lowilite 22”,2,2-dihydroxy-4,4-dimethoxybenzophenone available under the trade name“Uvinul 3049” from BASF; and 2,2′,2,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenoneavailable under the trade name “Uvinul 3050” from BASF. It has beenfound that these benzophenone type of UV absorbers are particularlyuseful for a fluorescent colored acrylic matrix.

An example of an oxalanilide UV absorber is2-ethyl,2′-ethoxy-oxalanilide sold under the trade name “Sanduvor VSU”by Clariant. Other oxalanilide UV absorbers are available. Individualsskilled in the art will recognize that many other UV light absorbersexist and may be suitable for use in the present invention.

In general, hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) have been found tobe useful to delay fading of fluorescent dyes. Oligomeric or polymericHALS compounds having molecular weights of about 1500 and greaterprovide enhanced fluorescence durability. A combination of UV absorberand HALS compound generally helps to further prevent color fading andenhances color durability. Particularly suitable HALS compounds areoligomeric hindered amine compounds from Great Lakes Chemical under thetrade name “Lowilite 62”, or “Tinuvin 622” available from Ciba-Geigy.

HALS compounds include: dimethyl succinate polymer with4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidineethanol commercially availablefrom Ciba Specialty Additives as “Tinuvin 622”;poly[[6-[(1,1,3,3,-tetramethyl butyl)amino]-s-triazine-2,4-diyl][[(2,2,6,6,-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino]hexamethylene [(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino]] commerciallyavailable from Ciba Specialty Additives under the trade name Chimassorb944; “Tinuvin 791” which is available from Ciba Specialty Additives andis a blend ofpoly[[6-1,1,3,3,-tetramethylbutyl)amino]-s-triazine-2,4-diyl][[(2,2,6,6,-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)imino]hexamethylene[(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)]imino]] andbis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidynyl)sebacate; and “Hostavin N30”available from Clariant. Those skilled in the art will recognize thatmany other hindered amine light stabilizers exist and may be suitablefor use in the present invention.

When provided, the cover or cap layer can further enhance fluorescencedurability of the articles by providing an ultraviolet light screeninglayer having an ultraviolet light absorbing compound or compoundsincorporated into this layer. Alternatively, the cap or cover layer caninclude a polymer which is itself an absorber of ultraviolet light. Apolyarylate matrix is suitable in this regard.

Absent a cap or cover layer, the invention provides durable fluorescentarticles with desired colors. In the preferred arrangement, two coloredfluorescent films create one durable fluorescent article. Each such filmcontains a fluorescent dye and UV additives within a polymer matrix. Theoverlayer is a relatively durable colored fluorescent film, and theunderlayer is a colored fluorescent film of any satisfactory type. Whenjoined together, they achieve the desired fluorescent color. Each coloralone need not provide the required fluorescent coloration.

With the respective dyes within separate polymer matrices, any negativeinteraction which otherwise would be expected due to blending two dyestogether is eliminated. Another advantageous property is that theoverlayer has UV screening properties provided for the underlayer whichare stronger compared to a conventional UV screening layer such as a capor cover layer. The combination of the overlayer and underlayeraccording to the invention provides a superior light stable fluorescentarticle with a color which can be tailored to vary from fluorescentcolors available from dye manufactures. Each single film alone cannotachieve these properties.

When a fluorescent yellow green retroreflective sheeting is required forparticular uses, such as for extremely visible school zone or pedestriancrossing signs, a preferred embodiment combines two layers, neither ofwhich would be suitable by itself to provide this type of signage. Inthis preferred arrangement, the overlayer is an acrylic matrix having abenzoxanthene dye, and the underlayer is a polycarbonate matrix having abenzothiazine dye. When assembled as a single article, a highly durableand properly colored signage article with needed chromaticity isprovided.

More particularly, it has been determined that an acrylic matrix havinga benzoxanthene dye has three distinct issues when used alone. Itsyellow green color does not provide coloration in terms of chromaticitywhich meets industry accepted criteria. While its fluorescenceproperties are excellent, its coloration is outside of the targetchromaticity, having excessive green tones. In addition, it has beendetermined that impact modifiers, typically important for acrylics inmany uses such as outdoor signage, negatively impact the light stabilityof benzoxanthene dyes within acrylics. However, without impactmodifiers, acrylic films typically are too brittle to be used inretroreflective sheeting applications. Handling during processing orinstallation would potentially crack or otherwise damage theacrylic-based sheeting. Moreover, even acrylics which have been found toachieve good light stability, alone have been found to be insufficientfor extended long-term outdoor use.

With more particular regard to the deficiencies of the individual layersof the preferred yellow green embodiment for outdoor signage uses, thebenzothiazine dye in polycarbonate matrix experiences issues which makeit inadequate to be used outside of the combination according to theinvention. This polymer and dye combination does not fluoresce to thedegree needed for this application. Although its chromaticity issuitable for applications such as school zone crossing signs, itsdaytime luminescence parameter, known as “Y %” in the art, is too low.In addition, polycarbonate resin films are not sufficiently light stablefor extended long term applications without some sort of protectivecoating, laminate or UV screening layer. Furthermore, it has beendetermined that, although benzothiazine dyes could find some protectionwith acrylic materials, their light fastness actually is lower when theyare within an acrylic polymeric material than within polycarbonate.

When combined as the preferred overlayer and underlayer according to theinvention, all of these issues have been resolved in an extremelyadvantageous fashion. The fluorescent sheeting having multiple layersachieves the target fluorescent color, such as yellow green color, whilethe high degree of benzoxanthene fluorescing offsets the lowerfluorescence contributed by the benzothiazine dye. That is, theresulting coloricity and daytime luminescence factor “Y %” are nearlyidentical to the target values. Surprisingly, these effects achieve morethan an averaging of values provided by the respective overlayer andunderlayer.

In addition, although the light stability of the preferred overlayeralone is not suitable for use in long term retroreflective sheetingapplications, the exceptional light stability provides a very lightstable multiple film fluorescent sheeting. It also has been determinedthat the overlayer of the preferred benzoxanthene containing acrylicmatrix acts as a UV light absorbing layer for the underlayer andprotects same from UV light degradation. This is illustrated by FIG. 7,discussed further in Example 5, in the context of a yellow-greenfluorescent sheeting.

Furthermore, the structural issue for acrylic matrices which do notinclude impact modifiers is very satisfactorily addressed by thepresence of the underlayer. The underlayer typically is a polymer whichis very strong and impact resistant to support the overlayer polymer,resulting in a laminate which is not brittle. Particularly, in thepreferred embodiment, the polycarbonate matrix of the underlayer acts asa support layer for the polyacrylic overlayer. The result is a multiplefilm fluorescent sheeting which is not too brittle for uses exhibitingabusive conditions, such as outdoor signage and the like.

Thicknesses of the overlayer 22, of the underlayer 23, and of the caplayer 25 (when provided) can vary somewhat depending upon the particulararticle being prepared. Typically, the overlayer will have a thicknessof between about 2 mils and about 20 mils (0.05 mm to 0.5 mm), moretypically between about 3 mils and about 10 mils (0.075 mm to 0.25 mm).A typical underlayer will have a thickness of between about 2 mils andabout 20 mils (0.05 mm to 0.5 mm), more typically between about 3 milsand about 10 mils (0.075 mm to 0.25 mm). When a cap layer is included,its thickness ranges between about 1 mil and about 10 mils (0.025 mm to0.25 mm), more typically between about 2 mils and about 5 mils (0.05 mmto 0.125 mm).

The following Examples are provided for purposes of illustration andexplanation. The films used in these Examples were made using alaboratory Killion single screw extruder with three heating zones orwith the use of a Brabender mixer. In the single screw extruder set up,a mixture of the indicated polymer resins, the indicated dye and otheradditives such as UV light stabilizer and/or HALS was extruded into afilm of about 6 mils (0.15 mm) thick. As an example, for the acrylicmatrix film, the temperature zone settings were at 490° F., 460° F. and440° F. For polycarbonate film, the temperature zone settings typicallywere at 530° F., 540° F. and 550° F. The screw speed was 27 rpm. Whenthe mixer was used, the equipment was a C. W. Brabender Plasti-CorderPrep-Mixer. The material was compounded through melt mixing of polymerresins and other components and then converted into films ofapproximately 6 mils (0.150 mm) using a heated platen press. Mixingtemperatures were between 230° C. and 270° C., depending upon theparticular polymer resin, and the mixing speed was 100 rpm for a time ofbetween about 3 and about 6 minutes. The thus prepared different filmswere laminated together at about 185° C. using a Hot Roll Laminator Mfrom Cheminstruments.

EXAMPLE 1

An overlayer film of a polymethyl methacrylate matrix was prepared byblending an acrylic resin (Acrylite Plus ZK-V-001E, a Cyro tradedesignation), 0.8 weight percent benzoxanthene fluorescent dye (LumofastYellow 3G, a DayGlo trade designation), together with 1.0 weight percentUV absorber (Lowilite 22, a Great Lakes Chemical trade designation), and0.5 weight percent HALS (Lowilite 62, a Great Lakes Chemical tradedesignation). This single-layer PMMA was designated Sample 1-1.

A polycarbonate matrix underlayer film was made by blendingpolycarbonate resin (Calibre 303EP, a Dow Chemical designation) with0.06 weight percent benzothiazine fluorescent dye (Huron Yellow D-417, aDayGlo trade designation). This single polycarbonate (PC) film wasdesignated as Sample 1-2-1. Sample 1-2-2 was a multiple film laminate ofSample 1-1 on Sample 1-2-1.

Another PC underlayer film was prepared from the same polycarbonateresin as sample 1-2-1, together with 0.05 weight percent Huron YellowD-417 fluorescent dye, and 1.5 weight percent UV absorber (Tinuvin 1577,a trade designation of Ciba Geigy). This was designated as Sample 1-3-1.Sample 1-3-2 was a multiple layer film of Sample 1-1 laminated on Sample1-3-1.

A further PC underlayer film was prepared using the same polycarbonateresin, this time combined with 0.05 weight percent Huron Yellow D-417fluorescent dye, 1 weight percent Tinuvin 1577 UV absorber, and 0.3weight percent HALS component (Tinuvin 622, a trade designation of CibaGeigy). This was Sample 1-4-1. Sample 1-4-2 was the Sample 1-1 PMMA filmlaminated on this Sample 1-4-1 film.

Another PC underlayer film was prepared. This was composed ofpolycarbonate resin (Calibre-302, a trade designation of Dow Chemical),0.08 weight percent Huron Yellow D-417, and 0.3 weight percent HALScomponent (Tinuvin 622). This was Sample 1-5-1 Sample 1-5-2 was alamination of film Sample 1-1 on film Sample 1-5-1.

Each of the five single films identified above and each of the four twolayer laminated films was subjected to accelerated weathering testing.Each sample was placed into a Xenon Arc accelerated “Weather-O-Meter”,and the amount of fading was monitored through routine colormeasurements on a HunterLab LS-6000 calorimeter. The instrument used aD65 light source, 20° observer and a 0/45 geometric configuration, andall color measurements were recorded in terms of the CIE 1931 StandardColorimetric System. To determine the extent of fading and color shifts,the ΔE* degree of color shift versus time of artificial weathering wasdetermined. A small value of the ΔE* color shift, such as a shift ofabout 2 or 3 ΔE* units is barely detectible to the human eye. The testmethodology used for the Xenon arc weathering is outlined in ASTMG26-90, Section 1.3.. Borosilicate inner and outer filters were used,and the irradiance level was set to 0.35W/m² at 340 nm.

Results were recorded with respect to the CIELAB color difference,measuring ΔE*. The ΔE* values at three different accelerated weatheringtimes, namely 500 hours, 1000 hours and 1500 hours, were determined forcertain momolayer and two-layer films. These data are reported in TableI.

TABLE I ΔE* of Samples Exposed at Indicated Period of Time (Hours)Sample Film Structure 500 1000 1500 1-1 Single PMMA film 23.04 21.4521.63 1-2-1 Single PC film 9.89 12.26 11.96 1-2-2 PMMA/PC two layer 3.362.48 4.89 1-3-1 Single PC film 8.04 10.74 12.64 1-3-2 PMMA/PC two layer4.51 3.90 6.89 1-4-1 Single PC film 5.27 8.76 5.62 1-4-2 PMMA/PC twolayer 5.03 4.05 7.84 1-5-1 Single PC film 4.54 11.48 11.47 1-5-2 PMMA/PCtwo layer 2.77 3.00 3.99

The Table I data show that large color shifts were indicated for thesingle film components. The two layer films showed improved durabilityof fluorescent properties when compared with the individual single layerfilms. This can be seen in FIG. 8, which plots the ΔE* value versus timeof accelerated weathering for the single PC film 1-2-1 and for thePMMA/PC two layer film 1-2-2. The same type of plot is provided in FIG.9 for single PC film 1-3-1 and four two layer PMMA/PC film 1-3-2. FIG.10 plots the Table I data for single PC film 1-4-1 and for two layerPMMA/PC film 1-4-2. FIG. 11 plots the weathering data for single PC film1-5-1 and for the two layer PMMA/PC film 1-5-2, the weathering beingparticularly minimal for this two layer film. These data demonstrate thedurability of fluorescence and of color which are substantially enhancedwhen the multiple film layer approach is used in comparing ΔE* values ofthe multiple film structure to the single layer film components.

EXAMPLE 2

A single layer polymethyl methacrylate film matrix was prepared bycombining an acrylic resin, namely Acrylite Plus ZK-V-001E, a tradedesignation of Cyro, having incorporated thereinto 0.8 weight percentLumofast Yellow 3G fluorescent dye from DayGlo. This was designated asSample 2-1. A single polycarbonate matrix film was prepared from Calibre303EP pellets of Dow Chemical with 0.05 weight percent Huron YellowD-417 fluorescent dye and 1.5 weight percent Tinuvin 1577 UV absorber.This was designated as Sample 2-2. Sample 2-3 was a two layer PMMA/PCfilm of Sample 2-1 laminated on Sample 2-2.

Testing was conducted to determine chromaticity and “Y %” for thesethree film Samples. These are shown in Table II.

TABLE II Sample Film Structure x y Y % 2-1 Single PMMA film 0.37060.5034 94.15 2-2 Single PC film 0.4220 0.5050 82.53 2-3 PMMA/PC twolayer 0.4152 0.5254 89.62

The CIE “x” and “y” color chromaticity coordinates are useful to comparethese films with a color standard used and acknowledged in the art. Theycan be compared with those of a target fluorescent yellow green whichmeet the chromaticity requirements of the industry. These colorcoordinates for fluorescent yellow green are: (0.387, 0.610), (0.460,0.540), (0.421, 0.486) and (0.368, 0.539).

FIG. 5 provides a plot of the fluorescent yellow green color boxrequired of the industry, as defined by these “x”, “y” color coordinatesnoted above. Films exhibiting chromaticity coordinates (“x” and “y”)within this defined box can be considered to be generally acceptable.

The “Y %” coordinate is in a third dimension, which can be visualized asprojecting above the two dimensions of the FIG. 5 two dimensional box.Generally, a larger “Y %” indicates a greater degree of fluorescence andthus greater desirability in the present context. The “Y %” value is atotal luminance factor. It is a standard measure of the amount of light(electromagnetic radiant power which is visually detectible by thenormal human observer) radiating from a surface weighted by the eye'sefficiency to convert the light to luminous sensation. It is defined asthe ratio of the total luminance of a specimen to that of a perfectdiffuser illuminated and viewed under the same conditions.

From FIG. 5, it is clear that the single PMMA film did not fall withinthe “x” and “y” coordinates of the fluorescent yellow-green color box,and the single PC film gave borderline within-the-box coordinates.Surprisingly, the 2-layer film made of these two films havingunacceptable or marginally acceptable “x” and “y” coordinates provided atwo layer film which is much more comfortably within the target “x” and“y” coordinates. It is of interest that the x value is not merely anaverage of the “x” values of the two films from which it is made. Evenmore surprising, the “y” value is higher than for either single film,which is critical to maintaining the color inside the required color boxduring weathering. For example, in the case of the single PC film, asmall color shift upon weathering will put the color of this filmoutside of the required color box.

Concerning the “Y %” parameter, the two layer film provides afluorescent yellow green shading with favorable values. It is noted thatthe “Y %” of the two layer film is greater than the average of the two“Y %” values for the individual films.

EXAMPLE 3

The films of Example 2 were converted into retroreflective road signsheeting through the use of a well-known embossing technique to providea structure as generally shown in FIG. 1. For this embossing process, aplurality of microprismatic corner cube elements were formed directlyinto the rear surface of the fluorescent film. Then, a finishedretroreflective sheeting was made by bonding a white backing film to theembossed film in a repeating cellular pattern.

The color coordinates (“x”, “y”) and luminance factor (“Y %”) values ofthe finished retroreflective sheeting are shown in Table III. Forcomparison of purposes, the “x”, “y” and “Y %” values of commercialfluorescent yellow green products also are shown. Especially interestingin this regard is the “Y %” value for the two color layer PMMA/PCproduct. Its “Y %” is higher than either color film which it contains,and it is closer to the commercial products than to the individualfilms.

TABLE III Retroreflective Sheeting Type x y Y % Avery Dennison T-75130.4076 0.5641 92.94 Fluorescent Yellow-Green 3M 3983 Fluorescent YellowGreen 0.4069 0.5704 95.28 PMMA single color film 0.3404 0.5260 85.95 PCsingle color film 0.4302 0.5417 83.9  PMMA/PC two color layer 0.40670.5433 89.75

The “x” and “y” values of Table III are plotted in FIG. 6 and inassociation with the same industry standard fluorescent yellow greencolor box of FIG. 5. The coordinates for the non-comparison products aresomewhat different in FIG. 6 than those for the same films in FIG. 5.This illustrates an expected shifting between the coordinates displayedby raw films and by those converted into retroreflective road signsheeting. As can be noted from TABLE III and from FIG. 6, the two colorlayer product according to the invention has chromaticity and “Y %” ovalues which are close to those of existing products, which can beconsidered to be standards to attempt to achieve in this type ofproduct. Neither of the single layer products from which the two layerproduct is made would be suitable by itself to achieve a fluorescentyellow green retroreflective sheeting with the desired color and “Y %”coordinates. The chromaticity of retroreflective sheetings made fromeither of these single fluorescent yellow green PMMA layers or PC layersis far away from those of the existing products which provide thedesired target for this article.

EXAMPLE 4

Two single layer films were prepared with the same fluorescent dye,namely 0.06 weight percent Huron Yellow D-417. One of the polymermatrices was a polycarbonate, Calibre 303-EP, while the other polymerwas an acrylic matrix made from Acrylite Plus ZK-V-001E. The polymethylmethacrylate showed excessive fading after only 200 hours of acceleratedweathering, the ΔE* being 36.70, indicating that the light stability ofthe fluorescent dye in the host acrylic matrix was very poor. Contraryto this result, the same benzothiazine dye showed much better lightstability in the polycarbonate resin, indicating that it is a suitablehost for this fluorescent dye. At 200 hours of accelerated aging, theΔE* was only 2.55. At 500 hours, it was 9.89, and at 1000 hours, the ΔE*was 12.26 for the polycarbonate film.

EXAMPLE 5

A polymethyl methacrylate film of 6 mils thickness was prepared. Itcontained 0.8 weight percent of Lumofast Yellow 3G dye, 1.0 weightpercent of Lowilite 22 UV absorber, and 0.5 weight percent Lowilite 62HALS component. Light transmission data were recorded. They are plottedin FIG. 7 as a light transmission curve. It is noted that almost all ofthe light below 460 nm was blocked by the film due to the presence ofthe dye and the UV absorber. This Example indicates that the fluorescentyellow green PMMA film is a strong light screener for other fluorescentcolored films, illustrating its effectiveness as an overlayer inaccordance with the invention.

EXAMPLE 6

A fluorescent yellow green overlayer film was prepared with the sameformulation as Sample 1-1 in Example 1. This polymethyl methacrylatefilm was designated as Sample 4-1. A fluorescent orange PMMA underlayerfilm was made by blending acrylic resin pellets (Atohaas VO-45, a tradedesignation of Atohaas) with an orange fluorescent thioxanthene dye,namely 0.25 weight percent of Marigold Orange D-315, a trade designationof DayGlo, 1 weight percent Tinuvin 234 UV absorber and 0.5 weightpercent Tinuvin T-144 UV absorber. This was designated as Sample 4-2-1.A two layer article was prepared by laminating Sample 4-1 film on aSample 4-2-1 film. This was designated as sample 4-2-2.

Another fluorescent orange underlayer film was prepared in a PMMAmatrix. The acrylic resin was Plexiglas PSR-9, a trade designation ofAtofina, with perylene imide fluorescent dyes from BASF, namely 0.2weight percent Lumogen F Orange 240 and 0.025 weight percent Lumogen FRed 300. This was designated as Sample 4-3-1. A two layer film wasprepared by laminating the Sample 4-1 overlayer on the Sample 4-3-1underlayer. This was designated as a Sample 4-3-2.

Each of the three single layer films and both of the two layer articleswere subjected to accelerated aging generally in accordance withExample 1. The results are reported in Table IV.

TABLE IV ΔE* of Samples Exposed at Indicated Period of Time (Hours)Sample Film Structure 500 1000 1500 4-1 Single PMMA FYG Film 23.04 21.4521.63 4-2-1 Single VO-45 FO Film 25.4 31.32 36.94 4-2-2 PMMA FYG/VO-45FO 10.06 22.33 24.38 two layer 4-3-1 Single PSR-9 FO 5.79 11.82 25.75Film 4-3-2 PMMA FYG/PSR-9 FO 3.23 2.51 6.71 two layer

The ΔE* generated from this Xenon Arc weathering test of the singlelayer PMMA FYG film gave substantially consistent poor results. Singlelayer Sample 4-2-1 was consistently poor, and single layer Sample 4-3-1did not withstand extended time weathering. However, both two layerarticles gave better results, Sample 4-3-2 being particularly effective.FIG. 12 plots the Table IV results for the two samples containing theVO-45 FO film. FIG. 13 plots these results for the PSR-9 FO filmcontaining articles.

EXAMPLE 7

Accelerated weathering results using QUV accelerated weathering wasperformed on two different two layer film structures. QUV is anaccelerated weathering tester in which polymer samples are exposed underUV light. The light lamps used in the test emanated 340 nm light. Theconditions used were based on ASTM G 53-88.

One of the film structures was a PMMA/PC two layer article, namelySample 1-3-2 from Example 1. The other was Sample 4-3-2 from Example 6,a PMMA FYG/PSR-9 FO two layer article. The weathering results were verygood. Sample 1-3-2 gave a ΔE* reading of 0.83 at 200 hours ofaccelerated exposure time, a ΔE* reading of 1.63 at 1500 hours, and aΔE* reading of 3.23 at 3000 hours. For the Sample 4-3-2 article, the ΔE*reading at 200 hours was 1.27. At 1500 hours, the ΔE* reading was 3.8,and at 3000 hours, the ΔE* reading was 3.56. All of these indicateexcellent light exposure durability.

EXAMPLE 8

A fluorescent yellow sheeting having multiple film layers is prepared.The overlayer is an acrylic matrix made from Acrylite Plus ZK-V-001Efrom Cyro, 0.8 weight percent of Lumofast Yellow 3G from DayGlo, 1weight percent UV absorber, and 0.5 weight percent HALS component. Theunderlayer is an acrylic matrix made from Acrylite Plus Exp-140 fromCyro and 0.3 weight percent Lumogen F Orange 240 (a perylene dye fromBASF). UV absorbers, if desired, are added, selected from Lowilite 22,Tinuvin 234, and Tinuvin P. A HALS component, selected from Lowilite 62and Tinuvin 770, also maybe added as needed.

EXAMPLE 9

Another fluorescent yellow sheeting having multiple film layers isprepared. The overlayer is an acrylic matrix made from Acrylite PlusEXP-140 from Cyro, and 0.16 weight percent Lumogen F Orange 240 fromBASF. The underlayer is an acrylic matrix made from Acrylite PlusEXP-140 and 0.3 weight percent Lumogen F Yellow from BASF. UV absorbers,if desired, are added, selected from Tinuvin 234, Tinuvin P, Uvinul3049, and Lowilite 22. A HALS component, typically Lowilite 22, Tinuvin770, and Tinuvin 622, also may be added as needed.

EXAMPLE 10

A fluorescent yellow green sheeting having multiple film layers isprepared. The overlayer is a polymer blend matrix containing polyarylatemade from U-Polymer U-6000 from Unitika, Japan, and 0.8 weight percentLumofast Yellow 3G from Day-Glo. No UV additive is needed. Theunderlayer is a polycarbonate matrix made from polycarbonate and 0.05%Huron Yellow D 417. No UV additive is needed.

EXAMPLE 11

A fluorescent yellow green sheeting having multiple film layers isprepared. The overlayer is a polymer matrix containingcopolyestercarbonate, Sollx from GE, and 0.8 weight percent LumofastYellow 3G from Day-Glo. No UV additive is needed. The underlayer is apolycarbonate matrix made from polycarbonate and 0.05% Huron Yellow D417. No UV additive is needed.

It will be understood that the embodiments of the present inventionwhich have been described are illustrative of some of the applicationsof the principles of the present invention. Numerous modifications maybe made by those skilled in the art without departing from the truespirit and scope of the invention.

1. An article having fluorescent coloration comprising: an underlayercolored fluorescent film having a benzothiazine dye within an underlayerpolycarbonate matrix; an overlayer colored fluorescent film having abenzoxanthene dye within an overlayer acrylic resin matrix; saidoverlayer colored fluorescent film overlies said underlayer fluorescentcolored film; and the article has a selected fluorescent colorationdifferent from the fluorescent coloration of either said underlayercolored fluorescent film or said overlayer colored fluorescent film, andsaid overlayer colored fluorescent film exhibits UV light screeningproperties in excess of any light screening properties of saidunderlayer colored fluorescent film.
 2. The article in accordance withclaim 1, wherein said selected fluorescent coloration is fluorescentyellow green having “x” and “y” chromaticity coordinates which arebounded by the following “x” and “y” chromaticity coordinates: (x=0.387,y=0.610), (x=0.460, y=0.540), (x=0.421, y=0.486) and (x=0.368, y=0.539).3. The article in accordance with claim 1, wherein said fluorescent dyein said overlayer colored fluorescent has a greater daytime luminancefactor “Y %” than said dye in said underlayer fluorescent film.
 4. Thearticle in accordance with claim 1, wherein said overlayer coloredfluorescent film has greater light absorbing ability than saidunderlayer colored film, whereby color durability and UV lightdegradation protection for the article are enhanced when compared withthe color durability and UV protection of either individual outerlayeror underlayer colored film.
 5. The article in accordance with claim 1,wherein said dye in said underlayer fluorescent film is more light fastthan said dye in said overlayer fluorescent film.
 6. The article inaccordance with claim 1, wherein said underlayer film is less brittlethan said overlayer film.
 7. The article in accordance with claim 1,wherein said underlayer film is less brittle than said overlayer film.8. The article in accordance with claim 1, wherein said article hasretroreflective members and said underlayer is between said overlayerand said retroreflective members such that incident light passes throughsaid overlayer, then passes into said underlayer, then encounters saidretroreflective members and retroreflects into said underlayer coloredfilm and passes through said overlayer colored film and out of thearticle.
 9. The article in accordance with claim 8, wherein saidretroreflective members are formed into said underlayer.
 10. The articlein accordance with claim 8, wherein said retroreflective members areprismatic members.
 11. The article in accordance with claim 8, whereinsaid retroreflective members are arranged to provide an encapsulatedlens construction.
 12. The article in accordance with claim 8, whereinsaid retroreflective members are arranged to provide an enclosedconstruction.
 13. The article in accordance with claim 1, wherein saidarticle is signage which is suitable for outdoor use for at least threeyears.
 14. The article in accordance with claim 1, wherein said articleis signage which is suitable for outdoor use for at least three years,and the overlayer film and underlayer film combine to provide yellowgreen coloration within the box defined by the following “x” and “y”chromaticity coordinates: (x=0387, y=0610), (x=0.460, y=0.540),(x=0.421, y=0.486) and (x=0.368, y=0.539).
 15. The article in accordancewith claim 1, wherein said underlayer polymer matrix and said overlayerpolymer matrix include an acrylic.
 16. The article in accordance withclaim 1, further including a cap layer polymeric film overlying saidoverlayer colored fluorescent film, said cap layer having propertiesselected from the group consisting of abrasion resistance, graffitiresistance, dew resistance, and combinations thereof.
 17. The article inaccordance with claim 1, further including a cap layer film polymethylmethacrylate matrix, said cap layer providing UV light screeningproperties, and said overlayer is between said underlayer and said caplayer.
 18. The article in accordance with claim 1, wherein saidoverlayer film absorbs substantial amounts of light in a substantialportion of a light spectrum between about 250 nm and about 450 nm. 19.The article in accordance with claim 1, wherein the article has a ΔE*value after extended exposure to outdoor conditions which issubstantially less than that of either said underlayer film or of saidoverlayer film.
 20. The article in accordance with claim 1, furtherincluding a tight stabilizer selected from the group consisting of a UVabsorber, a HALS component and combinations thereof said lightstabilizer being within either or both of said underlayer and saidoverlayer.
 21. The article is accordance with claim 1, wherein saidunderlayer colored fluorescent film and overlayer colored fluorescentfilm each are individually unsuitable to meet (IV light durabilityrequirements and coloration compliance standards for outdoor signagehaving said selected fluorescent coloration, while said article meetssaid requirements and standards.
 22. The article in accordance withclaim 1, wherein the coloration of said underlayer colored fluorescentfilm is different from the coloration of said overlayer coloredfluorescent film.
 23. An article comprising: an underlayer coloredfluorescent film having a first fluorescent dye within an underlayerpolymer matrix; an overlayer colored fluorescent film having a secondfluorescent dye within an overlayer polymer matrix, said overlayercolored fluorescent film has greater UV light stability than saidunderlayer colored film; the article has said overlayer coloredfluorescent film over said underlayer colored fluorescent film; saidarticle has a selected fluorescent coloration different from both saidunderlayer colored fluorescent film and said overlayer coloredfluorescent film; and wherein said underlayer polymer matrix is apolycarbonate, the fluorescent dye of said underlayer film is abenzothiazine dye, said overlayer polymer matrix is an acrylic resin,and said fluorescent dye of the overlayer is a benzoxanthene dye. 24.The article in accordance with claim 23, wherein said selectedfluorescent coloration is fluorescent yellow green having the following“x” and “y” chromaticity coordinates which are bounded by the following“x” and “y” chromaticity coordinates: (x=0.387, y=0.610), (x=0.460,y=0.540), (x=0.421, y=0.486) and (x=0368, y=0.539).
 25. The article inaccordance with claim 23, further including a cap layer film of anacrylic resin, a polyarylate resin, a copolyestercarbonate resin, orcombinations or copolymers thereof, said cap layer providing UV lightscreening properties, and said cap Layer overlies said overlayer. 26.The article in accordance with claim 23, wherein said fluorescent dye insaid underlayer fluorescent film is more light fast than said dye insaid overlayer fluorescent film.
 27. The article in accordance withclaim 23, wherein said underlayer film is less brittle than saidoverlayer film.
 28. The article in accordance with claim 23, whereinsaid article has retroreflective members and said underlayer is betweensaid overlayer and said retroreflective members such that incident lightpasses through said overlayer, then passes into said underlayer, thenencounters said retroreflective member and retroreflects into saidunderlayer colored film and passes through said overlayer colored filmand out of the article.
 29. The article in accordance with claim 23,wherein said retroreflective members are formed into said underlayer.30. The article in accordance with claim 23, wherein saidretroreflective members are prismatic members.
 31. The article inaccordance with claim 23, wherein said retroreflective members arearranged to provide an encapsulated lens construction.
 32. The articlein accordance with claim 23, wherein said retroreflective members arearranged to provide an enclosed lens construction.
 33. The article inaccordance with claim 23, wherein said article is signage which issuitable for outdoor use for at least three years.
 34. The article inaccordance with claim 23, wherein said article is signage which issuitable for outdoor use for at lest three years, and the overlayer filmand underlayer film combine to provide yellow green coloration withinthe box defined by following “x” and “y” chromaticity coordinates:(x=0.387, y=0.610), (x=0.460, y=0.540), (x=0.421, y=0.486) and (x=0.368,y=0.539).
 35. The article in accordance with claim 23, wherein saidunderlayer colored fluorescent film and overlayer colored fluorescentfilm each are individually unsuitable to meet UV light durabilityrequirements and coloration compliance standards for outdoor signagehaving said selected fluorescent coloration, while said article meetssaid requirements and standards.
 36. The article in accordance withclaim 23, wherein the coloration of said underlayer colored fluorescentfilm is different from the coloration of said overlayer coloredfluorescent film.
 37. An article comprising: an underlayer coloredfluorescent film having a first fluorescent dye within an underlayerpolymer matrix; an overlayer colored fluorescent film having a secondfluorescent dye within an overlayer polymer matrix, said overlayercolored fluorescent film has greater UN light stability than saidunderlayer colored film; the article has said overlayer coloredfluorescent film over said underlayer colored fluorescent film; saidarticle has a selected fluorescent coloration different from both saidunderlayer colored fluorescent film and said overlayer coloredfluorescent film; and wherein said article is a yellow green fluorescentarticle, said underlayer polymer matrix is a polycarbonate, said firstfluorescent dye is Huron Yellow D417 benzothiazine dye, said overlayerpolymer matrix is a polymethyl methacrylate matrix, and said secondfluorescent dye is Lumofast Yellow 3G benzoxanthene dye.
 38. An articlehaving yellow green fluorescent coloration comprising: an underlayercolored fluorescent film having Huron Yellow D417 benzothiazine dyewithin an underlayer polycarbonate matrix; an overlayer coloredfluorescent film having a Lumoftst Yellow 3 benzoxanthene dye within anoverlayer polymethyl methacrylate matrix; said overlayer coloredfluorescent film overlies said underlayer colored fluorescent film; andthe article has a selected fluorescent coloration different from thefluorescent coloration of either said underlayer colored fluorescentfilm or said overlayer colored fluorescent film, and said overlayercolored fluorescent film exhibits live light screening properties inexcess of any light screening properties of said underlayer coloredfluorescent film.